Defense, energy, robotics and government have historically been classic no-go areas for VC investment. These “hard” industries have slow procurement cycles, tight regulatory oversight and high-friction customer migration in common. Legacy software vendors serving them have benefited from a barrier of complexity to innovate slowly without facing the risk of customer churn.

This made the victims of this year’s AI anxiety-driven sell-off all the more dramatic. Software juggernauts serving heavy industries — , , , — have gone from safe bets to being the subject of investor scrutiny.

While headlines have attributed that sell-off to quick-fire launches of tools for vertical industries, there’s more at play. The macro trend is a newfound founder enthusiasm to build AI-native entrants in legacy industries, and the backing they’re enjoying from VCs that can see the once-in-a-generation opportunity to disrupt entire industries.

Why investor perceptions are changing

Context is important. Geopolitical instability, supply chain pressure and energy security concerns have placed industrial resilience at the center of national policy.

Be it the U.S. or across Europe, policymakers are prioritizing investment in grid upgrades, transportation networks and public sector infrastructure, while also re-examining procurement and compliance systems that have slowed the adoption of emerging technologies that could bring said industrial resilience about quicker.

At the same time, quick advances in AI and agentic systems make it possible to build a new class of AI-native software tailored to “hard” industries through deep integration with verticalized tooling and specialist automation of critical workflows.

Age-old incumbent moats, like cumbersome migration cycles that put businesses off moving to new software providers, are also being challenged as embedded automation cuts migration processes down from weeks to days.

The creation of software in and of itself has become commoditised in the AI era, and more investors are spotting that operational depth, intuitive UI/UX, speed to market and seamless integration into complex real-world systems are traits of high-quality vertical software that startups are well-placed to build.

Investors are also realizing that most of the available value from horizontal SaaS has been extracted. In those early post-ChatGPT years, VCs widely backed AI companies building for non-regulated SMB adoption — exactly the audience that foundational model players like and Anthropic are now making inroads with as they push into enterprises. Foundational models are general in nature, and their verticalization can therefore only stretch so far. Given this, AI-native products built for heavy industries are compelling and competitive propositions for VCs.

Growing faith that incumbents are vulnerable

There’s always been lots of skepticism among investors and tech executives that AI startups can meaningfully challenge incumbents that have been on top for decades. But those companies are operating over sprawling product architecture and processes that were built in the pre-AI era.

Pivoting from that state of affairs to AI-native systems is a massive undertaking, whereas new companies are being launched with those systems in place from day one. Incumbents also have a low incentive to innovate at pace when customer churn is limited. But in the current context of breakneck speed improvements to AI models and agentic systems, waiting for churn to show up will be too late.

Scepticism also risks overlooking the profile of outstanding founders building AI-native challengers. Some of the fastest-growing startups in defense, energy, government and the public sector are led by people who came directly from the same industries they are transforming. Their understanding of sector constraints and operational realities gives them an advantage over general software providers that lack the same specialism and experience.

Picking up pace

Savvy entrepreneurship and VC investors are colliding to make a play for hard sectors. Once seen as off-limits due to procurement complexity or regulatory burden, these sectors represent huge, untapped potential in the new AI-native era.

The emerging companies offering solutions designed for these industries with deep, vertical-specific tooling integration and critical workflow automation are well placed to command a growing share of overall AI funding as they serve customer pain points that have gone unanswered for years.

We are talking about disruption within markets worth trillions. The scale of the opportunity for growing VC interest in sectors they’ve historically avoided is no mystery or miscalculation. The vision is an ambitious one. Rather than simply building better software, the foundational sectors of the world economy are about to be reimagined.

is a partner for the U.S. and Europe at early-stage venture capital firm . He currently oversees the deployment of the firm’s latest $1 billion fund, backing a range of AI-native startups building to disrupt legacy industries and business processes. In a personal capacity, Cuvelier wrote an angel check for at pre-seed.

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Just through mid-May, China-based robotics companies this year have raised $5.6 billion across 176 deals, Crunchbase data shows. That sum matches total investment to the nation’s robotics companies in all of 2021, the peak of the funding cycle. Investment in the sector has also already eclipsed the $4.3 billion raised by China-based robotics companies in all of 2025.

Startup funding in Asia overall surged to $27.4 billion in Q1, its highest level in over three years, with China capturing $16.5 billion — 60% — of that total, according to recent Crunchbase data. Robotics contributed meaningfully to that $16.5 billion total, with startups in the sector raising $3.3 billion across 126 deals.

Embodied AI boom

A review of Crunchbase data shows that investors now are no longer funding mostly pre-programmed hardware, but increasingly backing China-based startups working on embodied AI —��or artificial intelligence with a physical body that interacts with the real world in real time.

That shift toward artificial intelligence-driven robotics mirrors a global surge in investment into robotics and other physical AI startups. It’s also thanks to the rise of advanced, open-source reasoning models that have fundamentally changed how robots operate. Startups are moving away from coding robots line-by-line toward Vision-Language-Action models that allow physical machines to observe, reason and execute physical tasks end-to-end.

In China, robotics startups at the intersection of the software and hardware integration are drawing the largest checks in the space and often back-to-back funding rounds. They include:

• , a 1-year-old humanoid robotics company that integrates embodied intelligence that last month raised a massive $513 million seed round led by and . The Shanghai-based company was valued at $1.9 billion.
• , which develops robotic systems and automation solutions for industrial and service applications, closed a $140 million Series A extension round in January from investors including . Then just three months later, it raised $293 million in a massive Series B round co-led by and
• In February, Beijing-based , which says it’s building a “universal brain” for robots, raised a $290 million Series A led by and . The 2-year-old company was valued at $1.5 billion. Then in April, it announced a $145 million Series A extension financing, bringing the total round to $435 million.
• Humanoid robotics company in February raised a $145 million Series B led by . The 2-year-old China-based company was valued at $1.4 billion. In April, it announced a $290 million extension to that round, bringing its total to $435 million
• Shenzhen-based , a builder of humanoid and quadruped robots, raised a $200 million Series B last month led by and . The 2-year-old company’s robots will be deployed for traffic, security and retail. It was valued at $1.5 billion.

Top investors

Crunchbase data shows the most active investors in the space are largely Asia-based. The busiest this year has been Hong Kong-based , taking part in six deals, including a $200 million round last month for humanoid robotics and embodied intelligence developer .

Among lead or co-lead investors, three China-based firms — , and — have each taken part this year in deals totaling $290 million or more.

Exits gain steam

Venture investors are likely feeling confident as the sector notches notable liquidity events, including IPOs and acquisitions.

The of , targeting a $3 billion to $7 billion valuation, is a milestone for the industry. The company in March filed for an to list on the , and its IPO would likely spur other startups in the space to pursue their own public-market debuts.

The sector has already seen some notable exits.

They include Hong Kong-based ,�� a Shanghai-based startup that makes lightweight industrial robots. The company on May 18 listed on the , raising about $86 million. And it did not disappoint. Robotphoenix closed its first full day of trading at HK$53.75 ($6.86 U.S.), up nearly 80%. (Interestingly, Chinese robotics firms as their primary liquidity hub.)

On the M&A front, in what is widely considered a historic first for China’s embodied artificial intelligence sector, AI robotics unicorn in July 2025 engineered a two-stage consortium takeover to in legacy manufacturer for about $290 million. AgiBot’s co-founder formally stepped in to chair Swancor, effectively turning the publicly traded shell into a direct extension of AgiBot.

Ultimately, it seems that 2026 is the year China’s robotics companies are pivoting from raising early venture rounds to mass production, as a domestic market that currently accounts for more than 43% of global robotics venture investment, per Crunchbase.

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This is a weekly feature that runs down the week’s top 10 announced funding rounds in the U.S. Check out last week’s biggest funding deal roundup here.

Defense tech unicorn led the fundraising lineup in a week heavy with rounds for companies focused on applications in the physical world. Anduril’s $5 billion financing was by far the biggest. Other large rounds went to companies focused on supplying data power, robotics, space tech, biotech, and even strawberries.

1.��, $5B, defense tech: Defense tech unicorn Anduril Industries raised another $5 billion in funding at a $61 billion valuation — double the valuation of $30.5 billion it received less than a year ago. The Series H round, led by and , brings the Costa Mesa, California-based company’s total raised to date to $11.4 billion, .����

2.��, $775M, energy: Houston-based VoltaGrid, a provider of mobile natural gas generators for data centers, microgrids and industrial applications, secured $1 billion in strategic investment from and . The investment includes $775 million in capital funding and a $225 million secondary purchase from existing investors.

3.��, $400M, robotics: Palo Alto, California-based Mind Robotics, developer of an AI-enabled industrial robotics platform, picked up $400 million in new financing led by . The round brings total funding to date to more than $1 billion for the startup, which launched in 2025 as a spinout of .

4.��, $275M, space tech: Cowboy Space, a developer of rockets and satellite infrastructure to power and run AI compute in space, closed on $275 million in Series B funding at a $2 billion valuation. led the financing for the San Carlos, California-based startup, which was founded by co-founder .��

5.��, $150M, indoor farming: Oishii, operator of highly automated indoor farms for growing strawberries, raised $150 million in Series C funding led by . Founded in 2016, the Jersey City, New Jersey-headquartered startup has raised $370 million in total funding to date.

6.��, $125M, cybersecurity: San Jose-based Exaforce, developer of an AI-native security operations platform, secured $125 million in Series B funding from backers including , , , �����Ի��� .

7.��, $122M, biotech: Create Medicines, a Cambridge, Massachusetts-based startup focused on in vivo immunotherapies for autoimmune diseases and cancer, closed on $122 million in Series B funding. , , and led the financing.

8.��, $100M, autonomy: Providence, Rhode Island-based HavocAI, a provider of tools for developing military and commercial-grade autonomous systems across sea, air and land, secured $100 million in Series A funding. The round brings total funding to date for the 2-year-old company to $200 million.

9.��, $65M, space tech: Star Catcher, a startup that says it is building the first power grid in space by beaming concentrated solar energy on demand to satellites, picked up $65 million in Series A funding. , and led the financing for the Jacksonville, Florida-based company, which was founded less than two years ago.

10.��, $64M, data center power: GridCare, developer of technology to more efficiently provide power to AI data centers, raised $64 million in Series A funding. led the financing for the Redwood City, California-based startup.��

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• Anduril Raises Another $5B As Defense Tech Startups Shatter Funding Records��

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AI and software continue to draw the biggest share of startup investment, but most of the interesting companies that caught our eye in the past month were working on problems in the physical world, often far from the glow of a laptop screen.��

They include a defense-tech startup that aims to bring manufacturing closer to the frontlines, a company working to recycle valuable raw materials from defunct solar panels at industrial scale, and a startup that wants to produce cell-based milk for the dairy supply chain. Let’s take a look.

$82M to build near the battlefield

A decade ago, defense tech was considered a niche and sometimes controversial corner of venture capital, with few startup investors daring to place bets on companies working with the military.��

How times have changed. Already this year, $13.6 billion in venture investment has gone into companies in Crunchbase’s military, national security and law enforcement categories — more than 1.5x last year’s annual total.��

is one of the latest defense startups to get some of that funding, with an approach that aims to bring manufacturing closer to the battlefield. The San Diego-based startup last month announced an $82 million Series B led by .��

Firestorm builds expeditionary manufacturing systems and modular drones for military use. Its containerized “xCell” manufacturing platforms are designed to produce drones, replacement parts and other systems closer to the battlefield, a concept gaining traction as militaries rethink supply chains and logistics in contested regions such as the Indo-Pacific.

Existing and new investors including, , , , and others also joined its latest funding round, which brings Firestorm’s total funding to nearly $150 million, .

“The ability to produce, adapt, and sustain systems at speed and scale will define outcomes in future conflict,” , founder and chief investment officer at Washington Harbour Partners, said in a statement. “We’re excited to lead Firestorm’s Series B and back a company building a new model for manufacturing that replaces centralized supply chains with deployable, containerized units that can operate at the edge.”

The raise lands amid a broader surge in investor appetite for military tech, not just from defense-industry investors but also some of Silicon Valley’s biggest venture names. Sector heavyweight recently raised another $5 billion at a staggering $61 billion valuation in an – and -led round, underscoring just how mainstream venture-backed defense startups have become.

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$60M for a legal tech operating system

Legal tech has been one of the fastest-growing startup sectors in recent years, at least when measured by funding to the area, with venture investors pouring a record $4 billion-plus into the industry last year. That growth, of course, has been driven by AI’s rapid automation of many aspects of the notoriously paperwork-heavy industry.

Adding to this year’s tally is , a startup that says it’s building the operating system and brand for AI-native law firms. The startup said last month that it raised $60 million in Series A funding at a $750 million valuation from big-name investors. led the round and , and participated.

Manifest OS says it takes a different tack than most legal tech startups. Rather than sell software to traditional law firms that operate under a billable hour model, the company only caters to AI-native firms that charge clients based on outcomes.

“Companies want fee transparency, predictability, and speed,” , a Manifest investor and former general counsel for ��1, and , said in a statement. “Lawyers want to focus on delivering results, not justifying billable hours. Manifest OS’s model and use of advanced technology align those interests in a way the traditional system simply doesn’t.”

Along with AI software that helps attorneys with tasks like client communications, legal research, document drafting and billing, Manifest OS also offers a centralized back office to handle client intake, business development, paralegal work and other administrative tasks. That, according to the firm, frees attorneys up to focus on more complex legal work.

One important caveat: All firms that use its platform operate under the Manifest Law name. According to the startup, that results in a consistent brand presence, pricing, response time and service quality to clients. Its is a business immigration law firm.

The startup says it has already served 150-plus corporate clients, including large tech companies, since launching 18 months earlier. It has hired more than 100 attorneys to date, it said, less than 1% of those that applied.

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$23M for industrial solar panel recycling

French cleantech startup said last month that it has secured €20 million (about $23 million) in Series B and grant funding to tackle a growing problem: industrial-scale solar panel recycling.��

By 2050, tens of millions of tons of solar panels are expected to become defunct, according to ROSI. The company’s technology recovers high-purity raw materials including silver, silicon, copper, aluminum and glass from those panels so that they can be recycled into new products.��

ROSI said the new funding will be used to build its first large-scale recycling plant in Spain. The site will be able to process 10,000 tonnes per year.��

The funding was led by , , and Spanish family office . Zurich-based corporate advisory firm , which specializes in deep tech, acted as strategic financial adviser and investor. Other investors included unnamed Swiss and Polish family offices.

“Our ambition is to build a European-scale industrial platform for circular management and the production of strategic raw materials, transforming end-of-life solar panels into a reliable source of high-purity materials for the European industries of tomorrow,” ROSI President and co-founder said in a statement.

The investment comes as cleantech funding has seen tepid investor enthusiasm in recent years. Overall funding to startups in Crunchbase’s cleantech-, electric vehicle- and sustainability-related categories fell to a five-year low in 2025. Still, some areas — including solar and recycling — have continued to see larger rounds.

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$2.3M for a cell-based milk supplier��

Venture investment in food and beverage startups has fallen precipitously in recent years, from more than $22 billion in the peak year of 2021 to . Companies working on cell-based alternatives to traditional sources of protein such as meat and dairy products, in particular, have largely fallen out of favor with startup investors, Crunchbase data shows.

That makes Montreal-based ’s recent $3.2 million CAD (roughly $2.3 million) seed round all the more interesting. The company, previously named BetterMilk, says it produces “complete milk” — with proteins, fats and sugars — from mammary cells in a bioreactor, without employing any cows.

Its recent round was led by , with participation from , , and existing investors including , and .

Rather than make a direct-to-consumer play, as many food and beverage startups have done, Opalia is positioning itself as a supplier in the food industry. The company recently inked a two-year deal with dairy supplier and a paid pilot with an unnamed “Canadian division of a leading global dairy group.”

“We see Opalia as a foundational player in the next era of dairy,” , managing partner at Nadarra Venture, said in a statement. “What sets them apart is a combination of highly credible, differentiated science and a clear, executable path to scale within existing dairy infrastructure, addressing the economics required to compete globally. Today, global demand for dairy is outpacing supply, and the traditional system is under increasing pressure from climate and resource constraints, making innovation no longer optional.”

Opalia plans to make its commercial debut in 2028 and said it’s currently working through the regulatory process in North America.

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$16M to automate the factory playbook

Mountain View, California-based last month announced a $16 million seed funding round��to speed up what it calls one of manufacturing’s most stubborn bottlenecks: turning digital product designs into actual production plans.

The startup’s platform, dubbed AutoAssembler, plugs into existing CAD and PLM systems and uses AI to automate process planning, the painstaking engineering work required to determine how parts fit together, in what order they should be assembled, and how products can realistically be built at scale. C-Infinity says workflows that once took weeks can now be completed in minutes.

Its seed round was led by with participation from and

C-Infinity’s pitch taps into a broader trend gaining traction across industrial tech: software that doesn’t just analyze operations, but actively participates in physical production decisions. That kind of investment in physical AI — real-world applications of artificial intelligence, including in factories and on construction sites — has taken off this year.��All told, startups working on physical AI have already hauled in more than $37 billion in venture funding globally in 2026, , shattering the full-year records of $21 billion set in both 2025 and 2021.

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Existing backer (KIP) led the financing, which is described as a bridge round. (KBIC) also participated. The raise brings Santa Fe Springs, California-based Xpanner’s total funding to $38 million since its 2020 inception.

Xpanner turns construction equipment that customers already own into automated assets “without replacing a single machine,” according to , the company’s co-founder and CEO.��

“There’s no upfront investment, no rip-and-replace,” Lee added. “Like a smartphone gaining new capabilities through app updates, customers expand their automation through simple software updates.”

The benefits for its customers include significant cost savings and shorter project durations, according to Lee.

Originally founded in South Korea, Xpanner moved its headquarters to the U.S. in 2023. Today, , , and are among its customers.��

Notably, all of Xpanner’s co-founders have deep industry experience. Lee spent two decades in executive positions at and , driving unmanned construction projects and corporate venture initiatives in the heavy equipment world. CFO spent over 12 years working in heavy equipment at Bobcat, followed by eight years in venture capital at Korea’s largest commercial bank. CTO led robotics and automation at for 20 years, becoming the first in the industry to commercialize semi-automation features for construction machinery.

Growth and a path to profitability

Xpanner is refreshingly transparent about its financials. The company grew revenue from $3 million in 2023 to $7 million in 2024 to $21 million in 2025, according to Park. It saw $8 million in revenue and $1 million in EBIT (earnings before interest and taxes) in the first quarter of 2026.

The startup is targeting $60 million in ARR by year’s end.

Impressively, the company says it maintains a gross margin above 80%, thanks mostly to its subscription-based AaaS model. It achieved monthly break-even in 2025, and Park said Xpanner is on track for full-year profitability this year.

“Once hardware is deployed, incremental subscription and service revenue flows at near-zero marginal cost,” he said.��

The company plans to use its new capital in part to strengthen its development capabilities by advancing its next-generation physical AI hardware and software platform, deepening its core component engineering, and expanding its data and AI infrastructure.��

Some of its customers are still on a perpetual modular model, which includes the one-time purchase of its X1 Kit hardware paired with its software. Looking ahead, Xpanner expects to be fully on its subscription model by the end of the year.��

The company is also actively expanding into adjacent verticals, including battery energy storage systems (BESS) and AI data center construction.

‘Strong gross margins, near-zero churn’

, managing director at KIP, told Crunchbase News via email that his firm was impressed by Xpanner’s commercial traction and unit economics.

“Strong gross margins, near-zero churn, and rapid account expansion are signals that the value proposition is real and not pilot-driven,” he said.

director at KBIC, believes that most construction automation companies hit a scalability wall because they automate entire machines end-to-end. However, he said that since Xpanner’s task-specific approach scales through software rather than hardware redesign, the company “can expand wallet share inside accounts without proportional cost.”

“That’s a software-economics business operating in a hardware-dominated market, and it’s rare,” he wrote via e-mail.

Physical AI funding smashes records

Xpanner sits at the intersection of two sectors that have received strong interest from investors in recent years.

Startups working on physical AI — real-world applications of artificial intelligence, including technologies such as automated hardware and robotics — have already hauled in more than $37 billion in venture funding globally this year, , shattering the full-year record of $21 billion set in both 2025 and 2021.

At the same time, venture investment in real estate and property-related startups rebounded last year, largely driven by funding to AI-centric companies.

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The Series H round, led by and , brings the Costa Mesa, California-based company’s total raised to date to $11.4 billion, per Crunchbase. The funding comes amid record venture investment into startups developing defense, wartime and national security technologies and a administration push to modernize the U.S. military.

Just through mid-May, defense-related startups — defined by Crunchbase as the industries of military, national security and law enforcement — have raised nearly $13.6 billion this year, per Crunchbase . That puts them on track to more than double the already record-breaking total of $8.8 billion raised in 2025, when Anduril was by far the sector’s largest venture capital recipient.

“When we founded Anduril in 2017, defense was not a category that attracted significant venture investment,” company CEO and co-founder said in a . “That has changed meaningfully over the last several years. Investors have increasingly recognized the scale of the technological and industrial challenges facing the United States and its allies. They are also observing an environment in which the most agile, adaptive, and ambitious companies are the ones most capable of solving these challenges.

In March, Anduril signed a $20 billion, 10-year contract with the to supply software and weapons. It also announced that it was part of a group of companies building the $185 billion missile defense system for the U.S. government.

After Anduril, several other defense-tech startups, all based in the U.S., have received sizable investments this year:

• : In March, San Diego-based Shield AI secured $2 billion in fresh funding led by and. The startup develops AI pilots and autonomous aircraft systems for military applications and has raised more than $3.5 billion overall, per Crunchbase data.
• : Austin, Texas-based Saronic said in March that it has raised $1.75 billion in a Series D led by. The startup builds unmanned surface vessels for naval and defense use and has now brought in nearly $2.6 billion in total funding.��
• : Centennial, Colorado-based True Anomaly said last month that it has raised $600 million led by and as investors continue pouring capital into space-security infrastructure. The company develops spacecraft and orbital defense systems and has raised more than $1 billion to date, per Crunchbase.
• : Commercial space company Sierra Space said in March that it had raised $550 million in funding led by . The startup develops commercial space stations, satellite systems and the reusable Dream Chaser spaceplane for cargo and defense-related missions. The company, based in Louisville, Colorado, has now raised roughly $2.2 billion overall, according to Crunchbase.

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• Sector Snapshot: Defense Tech Funding Hits Record High
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Two newly founded AI labs, both based in London and both with researchers from , raised large rounds out of the gate and made their Unicorn Board debuts. The two companies, and , both raised large initial fundings out of the gate, though take very different approaches to training AI.�� They were joined by another new unicorn in the foundation AI sector: , an open-source model company from China with on-device smaller models.��

Six companies working on humanoid robotics —��five from China and one from Japan — also received billion-dollar-plus valuations last month. Quite a few of these companies are building models for robotic intelligence using simulated data.��

The financial services, defense, developer tools, energy and healthcare sectors each added two or three new unicorns in April.��

Of the 28 companies, 12 are U.S.-based and eight are from China. The UK counted two new unicorns last month, while Germany, Spain, Switzerland, India and Japan each added one.��

April’s new unicorns

Here are April’s new unicorn companies. Of the 28 companies, 26 are AI-related.��

Foundational AI��

• , a London-based AI lab using reinforcement learning rather than human-generated data, raised a $1.1 billion seed round led by and . The less than 1-year-old company was founded by of AlphaGo and . It was valued at $5.1 billion in its first funding.��
• London-based , a new AI intelligence lab with the goal of continuous learning improvement, raised a $500 million Series A led by and . Founded by DeepMind researchers and ’s 1 previous AI lead, the less than 1-year-old company was valued at $4.5 billion.��
• Beijing-based , an on-device foundation model developer, raised funding led by and . Its open source MiniCPM is deployed in automotives, smartphones, PCs and home devices. The 3-year-old company was valued at $1 billion.��

Robotics��

• Shanghai-based is a robotics AI company building a foundational model as well as hardware. It uses simulated training to create a model for grasping and spatial awareness. The 1-year-old company raised a Series A round and was valued at $2 billion.
• Shanghai-based humanoid robotics company raised a $513 million seed round led by and HSG. The 1-year-old company was valued at $1.9 billion.��
• Beijing-based , a hardware and software developer of models for robotics using simulated data, raised a $220 million Series B. The 3-year-old company was valued at $1.5 billion.��
• Shenzhen-based , a builder of humanoid and quadruped robots, raised a $200 million Series B led by and . The 2-year-old company robots will be deployed for traffic, security and retail. It was valued at $1.5 billion.��
• Shenzhen-based , a commercial robotics company for delivery and commercial cleaning, raised a $146 million funding led by and . The 10-year-old company was valued at $1.5 billion.��
• Tokyo-based , a humanoid robotics company to address public safety and urban maintenance, raised a Series A led round. The 1-year-old company co-founded by was valued at $1 billion.

Financial services��

• , which automates research for investment banks, raised a $160 million Series D led by . The 4-year-old New York-based company was valued at $2 billion.
• Bangalore-based , a consumer and small business lending service, raised a $220 million Series E led by , , and . The 8-year-old company was valued at $1.5 billion.��
• , a banking and expense management service targeting small businesses and solopreneurs, raised a $100 million Series C led by , and . The 5-year-old San Francisco-based company, founded by college dropouts at the time, was valued at $1.4 billion.��

Defense��

• Space defense company raised a $600 million Series D led by and . The company has built software for space operations and an autonomous orbital vehicle called Jackal. The 4-year-old, Colorado-based company was valued at $2.2 billion.��
• Defense aviation company raised a $200 million Series C led by Khosla Ventures. The 7-year-old El Segundo, California-based builder of autonomous aircraft was valued at $1 billion.��

Developer tools��

• , a web search provider for AI agents used by and , raised a $100 million Series B led by Sequoia Capital. The 2-year-old Palo Alto, California-based company was valued at $2 billion.��
• , an agentic software coding tool for enterprises, raised a $150 million Series C led by . The 3-year-old San Francisco-based company was valued at $1.5 billion.��

Energy��

• , developer of small nuclear reactors to provide direct power for AI data centers, raised a $340 million Series B funding. The 2-year-old El Segundo, California-based company was valued at $2 billion.��
• , a long duration energy storage battery provider, raised a $58 million Series C led by . The 12-year-old Bayern, Germany-based company that supports energy needs for grids, data centers and industry, was valued at $1.2 billion.��

Health care��

• Shanghai-based , a developer of a model for healthcare that includes computer vision and large language models, raised a $73 million Series A round. The 12-year-old company has built an assistant for doctors for screening, diagnosis and patient care, and was valued at $1 billion.��
• Switzerland-based , a developer of a peptide product to address enamel repair without needing surgery, raised a private equity funding led by . The 6-year-old company was valued at $1 billion.��

Data platform

• has built a semantic layer between data and agents necessary to interpret data and provide guardrails for AI. The 4-year-old San Francisco-based company raised a $120 million Series C led by and was valued at $1.5 billion.��

Manufacturing

• Shanghai-based , a collaboration tool to make factories more efficient, raised a $146 million Series D funding. The 10-year-old Shanghai-based company was valued at $1.3 billion.

Agentic AI

• , which builds agents trained on company data, raised a $80 million funding led by . The 1-year-old San Francisco-based company was valued at $1.3 billion.��

Aerospace��

• Madrid-based , which is building data from satellites tracking changes in the earth for various commercial needs, raised a $130 million Series B led by . The 6-year-old company was valued at $1 billion.��

Marketing & sales��

• , a provider of booking and customer service for the services industry using AI, has raised a Series B funding led by and . The 4-year-old New York-based company was valued at $1 billion. The company has raised $125 million in funding from seed through its Series B.��

Biotechnology��

• , an AI biotechnology infrastructure platform speeding up drug discovery, raised a $40 million Series E. The 8-year-old Waltham, Massachusetts-based company was valued at $1 billion.��

Waste management��

• converts unused food products into energy. It raised a Series C funding led by strategic partner . The 19-year-old Concord, Massachusetts-based company was valued at $1 billion.��

Related Crunchbase unicorn lists:��

• (1,756)
• (611)
• (128)
• (187)
• (118)
• (102)
• (896)
• (516)
• (239)
• (38)
• (477)

Related reading:

• March Mints 11 New Unicorns, As $200B Is Added Through Up Rounds And Board Posts Strong Exits��
• Billion-Dollar AI Rounds Push April To Third-Highest Startup Funding Month In A Year
• This Is A Momentous Year For Early-Stage Unicorns��
• The Rising Investors Behind The New Unicorn Class��
• While OpenAI Shattered Records, Robotics and Semiconductor Startups Quietly Added The Most New Unicorns In February��

Methodology

The Crunchbase Unicorn Board is a curated list that includes private unicorn companies with post-money valuations of $1 billion or more and is based on Crunchbase data. New companies are as they reach the $1 billion valuation mark as part of a funding round.��

The unicorn board does not reflect internal company valuations — such as those set via a 409a process for employee stock options — as these differ from, and are more likely to be lower than, a priced funding round. We also do not adjust valuations based on investor writedowns, which change quarterly, as different investors will not value the same company consistently within the same quarter.��

Funding to unicorn companies includes all private financings to companies that are tagged as unicorns, as well as those that have since graduated to .��

Exits analyzed here only include the first time a company exits.��

Please note that all funding values are given in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted. Crunchbase converts foreign currencies to U.S. dollars at the prevailing spot rate from the date funding rounds, acquisitions, IPOs and other financial events are reported. Even if those events were added to Crunchbase long after the event was announced, foreign currency transactions are converted at the historic spot price.

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This increase was driven by large rounds to AI lab and Jeff Bezos’s , which is focused on AI manufacturing. The two companies raised $15 billion and $10 billion, respectively, together accounting for 45% of venture capital in April.��

Large rounds across multiple sectors

Billion-dollar rounds were also raised by Swedish green steel production plant , New York-based AI data operations provider , and London-based AI lab , which was founded by former employees.

Rounds $500 million and above were raised by Michigan-based modular electric pickup truck manufacturer , Colorado-based space defense company , Shanghai-based humanoid robotics startup , another London-based frontier lab, , and London-based , a global payments platform majority-owned by .

AI led

��������app funding in April reached $37 billion, accounting for 66% of global venture investment last month.��

AI model companies raised the lion’s share of capital at $26.7 billion. Physical AI in robotics, aerospace, drones and autonomous vehicles represented around $5.3 billion. And AI infrastructure in semiconductor and data centers raised $1.8 billion.��

The U.S. once again dominated startup funding, with American companies raising $39 billion, or around 70% of global venture capital.

Public markets and GDP growth

The first quarter of this year showed the dominance of AI in both the public and private markets, and that continued into April.

As the hyperscalers , and topped analyst revenue expectations and continued heavy AI expenditures, around half of the 2% U.S. GDP growth in Q1 was due to AI buildout, per an estimate from Oliver Allen, an economist with .

That was mirrored on the private-market side. Global venture investment is up 139% year over year through April, per Crunchbase data, with nearly 60% of that capital going to just five companies backed by deep-pocketed public technology companies, private equity and venture investors.

Related Crunchbase query:��

Related reading:

• Q1 2026 Shatters Venture Funding Records As AI Boom Pushes Startup Investment To $300B��

Methodology

The data contained in this report comes directly from Crunchbase, and is based on reported data. Data reported is as of May 4, 2026.��

Note that data lags are most pronounced at the earliest stages of venture activity, with seed funding amounts increasing significantly after the end of a quarter/year.

Please note that all funding values are given in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted. Crunchbase converts foreign currencies to U.S. dollars at the prevailing spot rate from the date funding rounds, acquisitions, IPOs and other financial events are reported. Even if those events were added to Crunchbase long after the event was announced, foreign currency transactions are converted at the historic spot price.

Glossary of funding terms

Seed and angel consists of seed, pre-seed and angel rounds. Crunchbase also includes venture rounds of unknown series, equity crowdfunding and convertible notes at $3 million (USD or as-converted USD equivalent) or less.

Early-stage consists of Series A and Series B rounds, as well as other round types. Crunchbase includes venture rounds of unknown series, corporate venture and other rounds above $3 million, and those less than or equal to $15 million.

Late-stage consists of Series C, Series D, Series E and later-lettered venture rounds following the “Series [Letter]” naming convention. Also included are venture rounds of unknown series, corporate venture and other rounds above $15 million. Corporate rounds are only included if a company has raised an equity funding at seed through a venture series funding round.��

Technology growth is a private-equity round raised by a company that has previously raised a “venture” round. (So basically, any round from the previously defined stages.)

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This is a weekly feature that runs down the week’s top 10 announced funding rounds in the U.S. Check out last week’s biggest funding deal roundup here.

Large U.S. venture deals this week were led by a massive defense tech raise for space security startup . That theme continued with another two aerospace- and defense-related companies also getting major investor backing. We also saw sizable deals for startups applying AI to fintech, marketing, customer service, healthcare and developer tools. Let’s take a closer look.

1. , $600M, aerospace and defense: Centennial, Colorado-based True Anomaly raised a massive $600 million Series D led by and , with participation from a long list of other backers including , , , , and . True Anomaly develops space security and in-orbit defense systems, an area drawing increasing venture investor attention amid rising geopolitical tensions. The new round brings its total funding up to $1.1 billion, .

2. , $160M, AI and fintech: New York-based Rogo secured $160 million in Series D funding led by and joined by other investors including , , , , and . Rogo builds AI-powered tools to automate financial research and workflows. The latest financing brings its total funding raised to date to $314 million, . The deal is also the latest example of investor enthusiasm for startups targeting high-value knowledge work such as law and accounting.

3. , $150M, AI and marketing: San Francisco-based Hightouch raised $150 million in a Series D co-led by and . , , , and other investors joined. The company focuses on agentic AI-driven marketing and customer data activation. The round brings Hightouch’s total funding to date to and comes amid rising demand for AI tools embedded directly into enterprise marketing stacks.

4. , $125M, AI and customer service: New York-based Avoca brought in $125 million in a Series B led by and, with participation from other investors including , , and . Avoca develops AI agents for customer communication workflows. The new raise brings its total funding to $125.5 million, .

5. , $110M, AI and customer service: San Mateo, California-based Netomi raised $110 million in a Series C led by , with participation from and others, including individual investors , , and . The company offers AI-powered customer experience automation across channels. The new funding brings its total raised to date to $217 million, .

6. (tied) , $100M, developer tools: Palo Alto, California-based Parallel secured $100 million in a Series B led by , with additional backing from other big-name investors , and . The startup is building a suite of AI agents and developer tools to automate workflows. It has raised $260 million to date, .

6. (tied) , $100M, aerospace and defense: Sunnyvale, California-based Scout AI raised a sizable $100 million Series A led by and . A long list of other investors joined, including , and . The startup develops AI systems for aerospace and defense applications. Its large early-stage round underscores continued investor appetite for dual-use and defense-focused startups, which globally raised a record $7.7 billion in 2025, per Crunchbase data.

8. , $82M, aerospace and defense: San Diego-based Firestorm closed an $82 million Series B led by . also participated in this round, as did , , , and others. Firestone builds modular, mission-adaptable drone systems. It has raised nearly $150 million total, .

9. , $77M, health diagnostics: Cambridge, Massachusetts-based Iterative Health raised $77 million in a Series C led by and, with additional backing from , and . The company develops AI-powered diagnostic and clinical workflow tools, particularly in gastroenterology. It has raised more than $268 million since inception, according to .

10. , $75M, foundational AI: Investors continue to back next-generation foundation model startups. One of the latest is San Francisco-based AI research startup Standard Intelligence, which raised a $75 million Series A led by and . The raise comes at a $425 million pre-money valuation. Other investors in the deal include , and AI researcher . Standard AI is developing “computer-use” models designed to interact directly with software. Its approach — training on large-scale video data rather than manually annotated screenshots — aims to significantly reduce costs and improve performance.

Large non-US deals

We also saw several sizable deals for startups based outside the U.S.:

, $1.1B, foundational AI: London-based frontier lab Ineffable Intelligence raised a $1.1 billion seed round, the largest for a European startup on record. (The previous record was set just a couple of months ago, when Paris-based frontier lab raised a $1.03 billion seed round.) and led Ineffable’s seed funding.

, $300M, aerospace: China-based Volant Aerotech raised a $300 million Series C led by . The company is developing electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft, or eVTOLs, designed to be used as taxis.

, $200M, robotics: China-based humanoid robot developer Robot Era raised a $200 million round led by , with participation from a long list of investors including and . The company is developing robots designed for industrial and service work, and follows a string of other large fundings for China-based robotics startups.

Methodology

We tracked the largest announced rounds in the Crunchbase database that were raised by U.S.-based companies for the period of April 25-May 1. Although most announced rounds are represented in the database, there could be a small time lag as some rounds are reported late in the week.

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This phenomenon has been on the rise over the past couple years, driven by voracious investor appetite for AI early movers. Since 2024, an estimated 207 AI-focused companies have joined The Crunchbase Unicorn Board. That’s roughly half of all companies that first hit valuations of $1 billion or more during this period.

Of those, more than a third first secured 10-figure valuations at seed or early stage. That includes some of the most well-known newish unicorns in sectors like foundational AI, robotics and vertical AI.

Many newish unicorns are worth a lot more than $1 billion

While a $1 billion valuation is the threshold for claiming unicorn status, many newer entrants to the group are now worth much more than that.

Per Crunchbase data, at least 45 companies that became unicorns in the past 28 months are now valued at $5 billion or more. That’s just over 10% of the total cohort.

So who’s at the top? To answer that question, we put together a sample list of 18 high-profile, newish unicorns with a most recent post-money valuation of $5 billion or more.

Notably, many of these are very young companies. U.K.-based AI infrastructure startup , for instance, launched from stealth just a year ago as a spin-out of crypto mining firm . It recently secured a $14.6 billion post-money valuation.

, a developer of AI-enabled software to control robots, has also scaled up quickly since its inception in 2024. This year, the San Francisco company is reportedly to raise fresh funding at a valuation exceeding $11 billion.

Foundational AI startup , meanwhile, has raised around $3 billion in less than two years since its founding. A round last spring set a $32 billion valuation for the Palo Alto, California-based company.

Newer unicorns are also fundraising at a fast clip

In addition to their youth and ultra-high valuations, many newer unicorns also stand out for the speed and magnitude of their fundraising.

San Francisco-based AI legal tech platform , for instance, has gone from Series A to Series G in about three years and raised close to $1.2 billion along the way.

Predictions marketplaces and are remarkably fast fundraisers as well. New York’s Kalshi has gone from Series C to Series E in the past year, pulling in over $2.4 billion. And Polymarket, another New York-based company�� has scooped up close to $2.9 billion in the past two years.

Foundational AI is also scaling superfast. Medical AI company went from Series A to Series D in less than a year, with the Cambridge, Massachusetts-based company picking up over $700 million from early 2025 to early 2026. , the developer of AI coding tool Cursor, went from Series A to Series D in under a year, securing over $3.2 billion in that time frame. The San Francisco-based company most recently entered an agreement with , giving the latter Cursor for $60 billion.

Move fast and build things

These are of course remarkable times for mega fundraising rounds, particularly around AI. Cynics might question valuations and check sizes, while optimists might quickly point out that we are in the early days of building foundational technologies of the modern era.

I suppose both have a point. For now, we’re less inclined to pick winners and more engaged in simply keeping score. One thing is clear: It’s a very well-capitalized playing field.

Related Crunchbase queries:

Related reading:

• This Is A Momentous Year For Early-Stage Unicorns
• The Largest Recent Seed Rounds Are All For AI Companies
• Investors Are Once Again Rapidly Minting Early-Stage Startups As Unicorns

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